Deductive reasoning

Syllogism
syllogisms, are where the conclusion is pulled out from the use of two premises. this idea includes a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
A-B the major premise
B-C the minor premise
A-C the conclusion
A--B, B--C, and A--C can these interchange? why yes they can but only in one way!
The only possible shift is a horizontal shift. it CANNOT take place vertically.You need the B to be in both of the major and minor premises, if one is missing this is incorrect and the conclusion will fail. The statement that you come up with when the horizontal switch has taken place may not be true, however, it will be a valid one. In this form of reasoning validity is what matters the technical truth is not of much worth as long as the reasoning makes sense it has been done right.

Example:
Chris is a drummer
Drummers can hold a tempo
Chris can hold a tempo.

Although not all drummers can successfully hold a tempo this reasoning follows the A--B, B--C, and A--C so it is valid.


Modus Ponens
Modus Ponens: "if...then" reasoning.
this is one of the simplest form of reasoning...
if p=q the
if p(is true or false), then q(is true or false)

Example:
If i study my Math notes, then i will get a good grade in the class
i will study the math notes, therefore, i will get a good grade in the class.

Modus Tollens
Modus Tollens: are very similar to the Modus Ponens. However, the conclusion includes a negation.
If p, then q. Not q, Therefore, not p.

If i change the babies diaper then it wont stink.
it stinks, then i didn't change the diaper.